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The story of the 2012 London Olympic Games bid. During the first week of July in 2005 a momentous event took place. Singapore was the location of this event. In the Raffles City Centre Convention Centre – the naming of which was a relic of a British colonial past – the ordinary 117th Session on the International Olympic Committee (IOC) took place. The purpose was to meet and vote to pick the city to host the 30th modern Summer Olympic Games. To begin with, there had been 9 cities jockeying to stage the 2012 Olympic Games. On the 18th May 2004, these were whittled down to 5 main candidates. Havana, Istanbul, Leipzig and Rio de Janeiro had failed to persuade on technical factors and were purged from the continuing procedure. 5 names were put forward to the ultimate voting process. The cities chosen for the ultimate ruling were London, Madrid, Moscow, New York and Paris. Of these, Paris carried the burden of being the most . So, the ordained day in 2005 eventually arrived and the IOC met in Singapore to exercise a decision that would carry with it gigantic budgetary ramifications.

The mechanism was easy. Each of 104 permitted IOC delegates would take part in a number of secret votes. After each ballot, if no candidate city had attained an conclusive majority of the votes cast, the city with the fewest votes would abandon their bid and a additional ballot be taken. After some tense rounds of voting, the 3 best participants emerged from the five short-listed applicants. London, Madrid and Paris. Moscow had fallen at the 1st ballot and New York was removed after the second secret ballot. Notwithstanding the fact that Madrid and London had both polled greater votes than Paris in the first two ballots, the French capital was still considered by many as the most likely to achieve the eventual prize. Due to the vagaries of the voting practices of some IOC delegates, at the penultimate voting stage, Madrid, which had topped the 2nd ballot with 32 votes, was flushed out with just 31 votes. This left London contending with Paris in the ultimate ballot.

The widely held assumption of the press and professional soothsayers was that Paris “had it in the bag”. London’s bid had previously been evaluated as having many positive elements in reports drawn up by the IOC in 2004 and 2005. However, the general opinion within the various IOC evaluation committees was that Paris held the advantage over its cross-channel opponent. Heritage also seemed to be against Britain. Recent bids by Birmingham (1992) and twice by Manchester (1996 and 2000) had all been unsuccessful rather dismally. Whereas, Paris had contended for the 1992 Summer Olympics and then again in 2008, when it came 3rd behind hot favourite Beijing. The general impression in the run up to the 117th IOC Session was that Paris was due a winning bid. The ultimate verdict is now history. Festivities by the British team within the Convention Centre were more than matched by fanatical cries of joy from a huge crowd keeping an eye on the proceedings live on giant screens assembled in Trafalgar Square, Central London. The spot of the home crowd was, possibly, inspired – the Battle of Trafalgar being perhaps the most celebrated of British victories over their long time adversary. So, London became the first city to host the modern Summer Olympic Games three times, having had the honour in the summer’s of 1908 and 1948. But, what will be the unavoidable financial burden to London and its taxpayers? Can the United Kingdom capital realize the exceptional feat of holding a modern Olympics and realistically make a financial surplus from it? Or, will a by-product of debt loiter long after the visual athletic glories, that surely await us in late July and early August of 2012? So, who will pay for the 2012 London Olympic Games? The response to those aspects will form part of history as well, long after the celebrations of 2012 has faded from memory, only to live on in the celebrity legacy and media images to be viewed by coming generations.

Year 2011 has been very good for a gamer, possibly the best in a long time. We had Littlebigplanet 2, Killzone 3, Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim, Uncharted 3 and the list goes on. The year 2012 will see many original video games, as well as the release of numerous sequels to already successful franchises. Here are ten titles to wait for in 2012.1. Kingdoms of Amalur: ReckoningThis upcoming single-player RPG developed by 38 studios has all the potential to be a success. The game universe is created by fantasy author R.A. Salvatore and responsible for the artwork has been no other than Todd McFarlane (Creator of Spawn). Taking God of War and marrying it with Oblivion is a BIG promise (one made by Curt Schilling), but we will see does the game live up with the hype. Oh and btw Claudia Black (you know.. Morrigan) is doing some voice acting.2. Torchlight IISupposedly being bigger and better than the original game, Torchlight II features overland areas with multiple hub towns, and a longer campaign. New features are heard to be included as well such as time of day cycles, weather and renewed user interface. Players can now also customize their appearance with choice of gender, face, and hair style. We are eager ready for this new hack-and-slash rpg. PC, MAC3. Final Fantasy XIII-2Claiming to fix the problem fans hated in Final Fantasy XIII, read: linearity, the game continues five years after the events of FFXIII. The game claims to add freedom, new towns, and improvements to the (already excellent) battle-system. Glorious world design, excellent combat and strong storytelling: These are the things look for in Final Fantasy XIII-2. PS3, XBOX3604. Ni no Kuni: Wrath of the White WitchWe love eye candy and interesting stories. A game which combines both, is surely welcomed. If you already haven’t heard: Ni No Kuni: Wrath of the White Witch is a game developed by LEVEL-5 with Animation by Studio Ghibli. The title surely has the potential to be a keeper. PS3, 3DS5. The Last GuardianWhat can Team Ico can offer us this time? If you loved Ico or the Shadow of Colossus there is no need for explanation because it is something good. Unfortunately, The Last Guardian has been a title people have just been waiting… and waiting.. and waiting with most recent news being Yoshifusa Hayama, The Last Guardian’s executive producer, leaving the studio to develop some Facebook games!!! The Last Guardian is a third-person perspective game that combines action-adventure and puzzle elements. PS36. Uncharted: Golden AbyssUncharted: Golden Abyss is the first Uncharted prequel and first Uncharted title on handheld devices, meaning Sony’s upcoming PlayStation Vita. We will see how the Uncovering of the dark secret behind the 400-year-old massacre of a Spanish expedition goes on PS Vitas OLED screen. PlayStation Vita.7. The Last of UsWe don’t know much about this title yet, since it was just recently released. Resembling I am Legend, the game has astonishing graphics and developer team which no doubt can deliver a real adventure. If Uncharted meets Enslaved in this game, consider me sold. Even with so little detail, this game might already be the most hyped PS3 game for the following year. PS38. GTA VGTA V, the latest installment in the Grand Theft Auto series and another GTA that is set in Los Santos, San Andreas! The game looks awesome so far and will most likely deliver what is to be expected.9. Borderlands 2Gearbox’s shoot and loot game looks better than ever. The first Borderlands was purely an awesome game. Building upon the gameplay elements of its predecessor, Borderlands 2 features all-new characters, skills, environments, enemies, weapons and equipment, which come together in a crafted story. PC, PS3, XBOX36010. Mass Effect 3Earth has been taken, the galaxy is on the verge of total annihilation, and you are the only one who can stop them. This probably is the game everybody is waiting for. Mass Effect 2 was the best sci-fi RPG I’ve ever played. So get ready to follow YOUR story of Commander Shepard in Mass Effect 3, if you have the save-game files for Mass Effect and Mass Effect 2. If you don’t.. I suggest you leave home now and don’t come back without those earlier Mass Effects.Trailers for games to wait for 10 Games to wait for can be found he

PC hasn’t been one of the best platforms as far as co-op games are concerned, since home consoles have always been a step ahead in that department. Although recent game releases have tried to bring the co-op experience to PC gamers, it would be suffice to say that many believe co-op gaming is best experienced on home consoles. There is nothing more fun than playing a sports game with your buddies on local co-op or even playing a single player campaign with one of your friends. With the recent release of Kinect, Microsoft has been trying to bring your family into games and make video games a co-op experience for the whole family. With no extra controller required for every person it becomes a cheap and exciting prospect for families to spend more time together having fun. With Kinect also expected to add Windows PC support, we can now see PC gaming or some PC games being advertised for the whole family, although hardcore PC gamers might even hate the thought of it becoming a reality.

So could it be that bringing motion gaming to PCs is the only way to push co-op gaming or split screen co-op popular on the PC? Well, we’ll see about that very soon, when the Kinect officially hits the PC gaming scene with ludicrous hacks coming left and right, which has already become a popular trend. Local Co-op Anyone who has played local multiplayer in fps games knows about screen peaking i.e looking into your opponent’s screen to find his location, health or even tactics. Screen peaking which became popular with one of the best fps games of all time, Golden Eye on N64 has since served as a hindrance to local multiplayer. Being a problem in multiplayer, screen peaking actually helps playing local co-op in campaign mode or even multiplayer as your partner and team locations are pretty much visible at a glance. This leads to better team work and less deaths during a co-op experience. You can always use gamepads to play local co-op games on PC. But again, PC gamers are very proud of the use of mouse and keyboard, controllers aren’t encouraged and as a PC gamer I second that thought. The accuracy that comes with a mouse and a keyboard just isn’t there on the controller. On the other hand, playing sports games in co-op mode is a possibility, but you’ll have to buy an extra pair of USB controllers to play with your buddies.

Also, computers are mostly not part of the home entertainment experience, so there’s a chair instead of a couch whereas consoles generally sit in front of the couch making it much easier to enjoy local co-op. Online Co-op When one thinks of videogaming on the PC, the mind automatically goes to single player experiences like Half-Life and Dragon Age. But make no mistake, the PC is a veritable paradise for online games, especially ones played cooperatively. From StarCraft II and Left 4 Dead to MMORPGs like Guild Wars and World of Warcraft, the PC is the only platform that’s more or less dedicated to cooperative online games. Some games require subscription fees while others are completely free to play, and they’ll even run on 10-year-old computers. Nothing beats the PC when it comes to cooperative online gaming due to the sheer accessibility of the PC as a gaming platform. Online gaming generally involves competitive multiplayer, but things are about to change with the upcoming release of Portal 2 which has co-op as its core mechanic, online and local co-op gaming will be coming to PCs in a big way and hopefully inspire other game developers to follow the footsteps of Valve by giving us some exciting co-op games for PC.

You are probably familiar with the exceptional benefits of playing a game. Regardless of one’s age and physical ability, games such as golf , billiards, board games, etc. are considered to be those types of recreational activities that people select to try in order to increase their mental and/or physical skills while enjoying the excitement. But since games are played primarily for the mere enjoyment they offer, some people tend to consider them unnecessary and a waste of time. Nothing could further away from the truth. Games increase a person’s capabilities and assist in developing a better understanding of ourselves. Games should be fun for one to want to continue practicing them, but they can also have an educational nature. Most importantly, games can affect a person’s psychological state leading to excitement and the feeling of one being proud for an accomplishment. Games are not a waste of free time. Actually free time is the time one should devote in exploring his or her abilities through games and have fun in educating and exercising his or her body and mind.

Generally, a game consists of a goal that its players try to reach and usually has a set of rules within which a person has to succeed accomplishing the desired objective. These commonly agreed boundaries exist so as to test peoples’ skills and invite them to develop new ways in managing the obstacles that might hinder them from attaining the game’s goal. But, due to the vast variety of known games all around the world, agreeing on a single definition has been rather challenging. People in different time periods, countries, and contexts, have tried to capture the essence of games and come up with a classification that could serve all games’ purposes. Upon examining some etymological dictionaries, one can conclude that games are a creative expression of the human spirit through the creation of an activity that has an entertaining, instructive and competing element. Regardless if a game is played by a single individual or requires competing teams, involves physical as well as mental activity, has a concrete or loose set of rules and structure, needs some or all of the available resources, it always leads to an outcome. There is usually a winner and a looser and whether a participant belongs to the one or to the other side of this simple distinction makes all the difference in the world.

With the plethora of existing games for different target groups like kids, teenagers, adults or seniors, anthropologists have proposed their classification under three major clusters. One can decide to play a game of skill, which can be mental or physical. Checkers for example use their mental skills to successfully complete a game of chess, while runners use their body’s capacity to overcome natural obstacles like that of wind and gravity, or their own bodies’ ability to outrun itself. The second game category is that of strategy games, like the Monopoly board game that requires from participants to reach a particular outcome over a specific time frame based on their available resources. Third, there are games of chance that base their popularity on economic insecurity and are associated with cultures that place a high value on personal responsibility. Finally, people tend to play mixed games. These games, like soccer (football) and basketball, involve both physical skill and strategic thinking and in many cases their outcome is based on chance. Now that you know how important is for you to play games, next time someone invites you to participate in another friendly baseball match do not try to avoid the invitation because you think it is a waste of time. Games, despite their character can help you clear your mind and can change your mood. Thus, tomorrow get up, pick your favorite game, find your opponents, make it your new hobby, and experience the tremendous effect a game’s round can have in your life. Want to find out about ficus pumila? Read all about it at the Ficus Pumila website. Do you want to find out about bantam chickens? View the Bantam Chickens site. Details about silver dollar fish can be found at the Silver Dollar Fish site.